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NK Cells and CTL

Two killers against tumor in our system are natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). NK cells are potential effector cells with superior advantages over CTLs when used as therapeutic cell products in cancer immunotherapy.
These advantages include but not limited to:
1) the “natural killing" properties;
2) pan-specific recognition of tumor cells;
3) broader killing activity;
4) rapid response rate;
5) low potential risk of CRS and GVHD;
6) easily manufactured from various donor sources without relying on patient’s autologous immune cells.

	T cells	NK cells
Tumor recognition	TCR, HLA-restricted recognition, low affinity	NKR, pan-specific recognition, high affinity
Tumor killing	Clonal amplification, slow response	Broad killing, rapid response
Cytokine secretion	Secret multiple and quantity of inflammatory cytokines	Secret few and small quantity of cytokines
In vivo persistence	Long	Short
Memory response	Strong and long-term	Weak
Side effects	Cytokine storm, GVHD	No/low
In vitro expansion	Easy	Difficult
Gene transduction	Easy	Difficult
Cryopreservation	Equal	Equal
Cell source	Autologous	Autologous or allogenous